Optimal Generator Start-Up Sequence for Bulk System Restoration With Active Distribution Networks

This paper proposes a new scheme for bulk system restoration considering the available black-start resources (BSRs) in distribution (DS). The DS assisted generator start-up sequence (D-GSS) is realized decentralized way, so that it does not only benefit GSS by utilizing BSRs DS, but also respects independent operation of transmission operator (TSO) and operators (DSOs). First, D-GSS presented including interaction TSO DSOs corresponding compact models. models are built with modeled as mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP), multi-step second-order conic programs (MISOCPs) reliable power supply assessments renewable energy sources linear (LPs). Finally, projection function based analytical target cascading (P-ATC) method developed to iteratively solve model complexity reduction. P-ATC algorithm can handle integer variables improve computational efficiency iterative calculation process. effectiveness proposed validated using small-scale T6D2 large-scale T118D5 system, showing good performance computation efficiency.